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Population growth rate would be negative when


A) birthrate is greater than death rate.
B) death rate is greater than birthrate.
C) all couples are married but average less than two children apiece.
D) a country becomes poorer,because it is related to economic growth.
E) better health care reduces the death rate and increases survivorship of newborns.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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One model proposed for succession predicts that different types of plants can all colonize an area at the same time and it is chance alone that determines which one arrives first and begins the process of succession.This model is called


A) the facilitation model.
B) the tolerance model.
C) the inhibition model.
D) an opportunistic model.
E) the climax model.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The climax pattern model states that the same area will always lead to a specific type of community if it is given a sufficient amount of time.Which of the following statements is true of this model?


A) In recent time this has been modified to recognize that while the area may return to the same biome it may not have exactly the same species diversity.
B) An area that has been disturbed must always return to the same climax community if given enough time.
C) It is necessary for an area to return to the climax community before it is disturbed again or the area will undergo primary succession on a second disturbance.
D) The area must undergo primary and then secondary succession before it can reach the climax community.
E) In recent time this model has been changed to state that the climax community cycles through a series of different possibilities.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Consider that a species of salmon lays 20,000 eggs per pair when it spawns and dies.At the end of five years,an average of one pair of mature salmon from this group of hatched eggs returns again to spawn in the parent stream (19,998 have died) .What is the per capita rate of increase?


A) 10,000,because there were that many eggs produced per parent fish (r)
B) 2,000,because this must be divided by five years
C) zero,because there is exact replacement of the previous generation
D) -2,000,because there was this much average die-off per year
E) -19,998,because there was this much total loss

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The carrying capacity of the environment for a species is determined by


A) the reproductive rate of the organism.
B) the number of organisms of that species.
C) the state and national wildlife laws pertaining to that species.
D) a complex "balance of nature" that still has not been explained in terms that scientists can calculate.
E) the limited productivity of the environment and the environmental resistance to the biotic potential of the organism.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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In a population of 150 organisms over a six-month period there are 75 births and 30 deaths.Calculate the growth rate for those six months.


A) 0.7
B) 0.5
C) 0.2
D) 0.3
E) 0.75

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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