Question 1

One of the key factors in vertebrate colonization of many diverse environments is

Accepted Answer

A)  the flexibility provided by selective reabsorption of different solutes.
B)  not requiring a lot of water due to their closed systems.
C)  the ability to eat foods with lots of water.
D)  the ability to control water loss by controlling perspiration.
E)  the ability to decrease metabolic needs.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis
B)  equilibrium
C)  thermogenesis
D)  feedback inhibitionE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The vertebrate kidney produces a fluid called _____________ that enters tubules and is modified to become urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid
B)  filtrene
C)  lymph
D)  filtrateE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

In comparing the kidneys of marine and freshwater fish which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marine fish drink greater quantities of water.
B)  The flow of the filtrate is faster in marine fish.
C)  Freshwater fish fluids have a greater osmotic concentration.
D)  Marine fish excrete many of the divalent cations through the anus.
E)  The urine is less concentrated in freshwater fish.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

The homeostatic functions of the kidneys are regulated by two hormones.One of these is antidiuretic hormone,and the other is

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon.
B)  aldosterone.
C)  ADH.
D)  FSH.
E)  LH.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Select the incorrectly matched organism and its nitrogenous waste product.

Accepted Answer

A)  most fish-ammonia
B)  mammals-urea
C)  reptiles-uric acid
D)  birds-uric acid
E)  insects-ammoniaF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Blood volume and osmolarity are kept within normal limits by

Accepted Answer

A)  effectors.
B)  positive feedback loops.
C)  negative feedback loops.
D)  countercurrent multipliers.
E)  secreting extra amounts.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes freshwater fish?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyposmotic regulators
B)  hyposmotic conformers
C)  hyperosmotic regulators
D)  hyperosmotic conformers
E)  isosmotic conformersF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers.This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  the osmolality of their body fluids is not the same as their seawater environment.
B)  the osmolality of their body fluids is the same as their seawater environment.
C)  the osmolality of their body fluids is the same as their seawater environment and that their bodies contain the same solutes as their surroundings.
D)  the osmolality of their body fluids is equal to that of the osmoregulators who inhabit the same environments.
E)  the osmolality of their body fluids fluctuates between being hypertonic to hyportonic depending on the season and the tides.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

The excretory organs in the insects create an excretory fluid by secreting K+ ions,which draw water osmotically.These organs branch off anterior to the hindgut and are called

Accepted Answer

A)  flame cells.
B)  kidneys.
C)  Malpighian tubules.
D)  glomeruli.
E)  loops of HenlE.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

People unable to produce which of the following hormones will die if untreated,because of the excessive loss of salt and water in the urine and the buildup of K+ in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  aldosterone
C)  glucagon
D)  insulin
E)  renninF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

If uric acid accumulates in joints of humans the condition is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtrate backup.
B)  gout.
C)  Addison disease.
D)  proximal tubule dysfunction.
E)  distal convoluted tubule degeneration.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

The organ that performs filtration and reabsorption in the vertebrates is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney
B)  liver
C)  pancreas
D)  small intestineE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

Each of the following is a part of the kidney except

Accepted Answer

A)  the nephrons.
B)  the renal cortex.
C)  the renal medulla.
D)  the urinary bladder.
E)  Bowman's capsulE.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

In normal healthy human urine,the substance not usually found is

Accepted Answer

A)  urea and uric acid.
B)  glucose.
C)  water.
D)  K+,H+,and other ions.
E)  urea,uric acid,and water.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the area where H+ is most likely to be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Marine reptiles eliminate excess salt by means of _____________ located near the nose or the eye.

Accepted Answer

A)  pores
B)  tubules
C)  salt glands
D)  scalesE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis.
B)  active transport.
C)  facilitated diffusion.
D)  countercurrent flow.
E)  bulk flow.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Each nephron of the kidney consists of a long tubule and associated small blood vessels.Blood cells and plasma proteins are too large to enter with the glomerular filtrate.Which of the following choices is the correct path for the filtrate to follow through the nephron in the production of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule  →\rarr→  distal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→ oop of Henle  →\rarr→ proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→ collecting duct
B)  Bowman's capsule →\rarr→  proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→ loop of Henle  →\rarr→  distal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→  collecting duct
C)  Bowman's capsule  →\rarr→  loop of Henle  →\rarr→ proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→  distal convoluted tubule →\rarr→  collecting duct
D)  Bowman's capsule  →\rarr→ collecting duct  →\rarr→ proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→  loop of Henle  →\rarr→  distal convoluted tubule
E)  collecting duct  →\rarr→  proximal convoluted tubule  →\rarr→  loop of Henle  →\rarr→  distal convoluted tubule →\rarr→  Bowman's capsule F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

How does the loop of Henle enable the mammalian kidney to produce hyperosmotic urine?
I-The ascending limb of the loop actively extrudes Na+.
II-The descending limb interacts with the ascending limb to raise the concentration of the extracellular fluid in the renal medulla.
III-The concentration is further enhanced by the presence of urea,which draws water out of the collecting ducts by osmosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  just I
B)  II and III
C)  just III
D)  I and II
E)  I,II,and IIIF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Exam 51: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers.This means that

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following is a part of the kidney except

Correct Answer
verified

Marine reptiles eliminate excess salt by means of _____________ located near the nose or the eye.

Correct Answer
verified

In normal healthy human urine,the substance not usually found is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Blood volume and osmolarity are kept within normal limits by

Correct Answer
verified

The organ that performs filtration and reabsorption in the vertebrates is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

In comparing the kidneys of marine and freshwater fish which of the following is not true?

Correct Answer
verified

The homeostatic functions of the kidneys are regulated by two hormones.One of these is antidiuretic hormone,and the other is

Correct Answer
verified

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the area where H⁺ is most likely to be secreted?

Correct Answer
verified

People unable to produce which of the following hormones will die if untreated,because of the excessive loss of salt and water in the urine and the buildup of K⁺ in the blood?

Correct Answer
verified

One of the key factors in vertebrate colonization of many diverse environments is

Correct Answer
verified

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Select the incorrectly matched organism and its nitrogenous waste product.

Correct Answer
verified

The excretory organs in the insects create an excretory fluid by secreting K⁺ ions,which draw water osmotically.These organs branch off anterior to the hindgut and are called

Correct Answer
verified

The vertebrate kidney produces a fluid called _____________ that enters tubules and is modified to become urine.

Correct Answer
verified

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called _____________________.

Correct Answer
verified

Each nephron of the kidney consists of a long tubule and associated small blood vessels.Blood cells and plasma proteins are too large to enter with the glomerular filtrate.Which of the following choices is the correct path for the filtrate to follow through the nephron in the production of urine?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describes freshwater fish?

Correct Answer
verified

If uric acid accumulates in joints of humans the condition is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 51: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers.This means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following is a part of the kidney except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marine reptiles eliminate excess salt by means of _____________ located near the nose or the eye.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In normal healthy human urine,the substance not usually found is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood volume and osmolarity are kept within normal limits by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organ that performs filtration and reabsorption in the vertebrates is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparing the kidneys of marine and freshwater fish which of the following is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The homeostatic functions of the kidneys are regulated by two hormones.One of these is antidiuretic hormone,and the other is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the area where H+ is most likely to be secreted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People unable to produce which of the following hormones will die if untreated,because of the excessive loss of salt and water in the urine and the buildup of K+ in the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the key factors in vertebrate colonization of many diverse environments is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the incorrectly matched organism and its nitrogenous waste product.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The excretory organs in the insects create an excretory fluid by secreting K+ ions,which draw water osmotically.These organs branch off anterior to the hindgut and are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vertebrate kidney produces a fluid called _____________ that enters tubules and is modified to become urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called _____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each nephron of the kidney consists of a long tubule and associated small blood vessels.Blood cells and plasma proteins are too large to enter with the glomerular filtrate.Which of the following choices is the correct path for the filtrate to follow through the nephron in the production of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes freshwater fish?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If uric acid accumulates in joints of humans the condition is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the area where H⁺ is most likely to be secreted?

Correct Answer
verified

People unable to produce which of the following hormones will die if untreated,because of the excessive loss of salt and water in the urine and the buildup of K⁺ in the blood?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The excretory organs in the insects create an excretory fluid by secreting K⁺ ions,which draw water osmotically.These organs branch off anterior to the hindgut and are called

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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