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Karen Horney defined ________ as a feeling of being isolated and helpless in a world conceived as potentially hostile.


A) basic hate
B) basic hostility
C) basic anxiety
D) basic aggression

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Into which of the following perspectives on personality did Walter Mischel conduct research?


A) religious
B) endocrinological
C) social-cognitive learning
D) behavioral

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following animals shares a distinct conscientiousness dimension with humans?


A) chimpanzees
B) birds
C) dogs
D) horses

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following Big Five dimensions of personality is best depicted by the description "How planned, organized, orderly, hard-working, controlled, persevering, punctual, and ambitious is someone?"


A) Conscientiousness
B) Extraversion
C) Agreeableness
D) Openness to experience

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is a problem associated with the rational method of developing questionnaire items?


A) It is expensive, time-consuming, and gives relatively unreliable results.
B) Participants tend to generalize from their observations and assume that what they experience in one situation applies to all similar situations.
C) It requires an outside criterion of who is anxious or not, such as a therapist's evaluation of the anxiety levels, to relate to such method.
D) Participants might give socially desirable or false answers rather than honest ones because the questions are transparent.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is an assumption of the psychoanalytic perspective of personality?


A) One's personality resides in the unconscious, and early childhood experiences lay the foundation for adult personality.
B) Traits are the major force behind personality.
C) One has a natural interest in becoming the best person possible.
D) A person's behavior changes in different situations, and humans have a biological foundation for their personality traits.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In the context of evolutionary explanations of personality, identify a true statement about naturally and sexually selected personality traits.


A) Sexually selected traits are favored if they increase one's chances of survival and reproductive success.
B) Naturally selected traits make one more attractive to the opposite gender.
C) Sexual selection is the sole contributor that operates in the evolution of human personality traits.
D) Intelligence and creativity are sexually selected traits because people are attracted to intelligent and creative people.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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