Question 1

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) ____________________.

Accepted Answer

conditione...

Question 2

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Accepted Answer

A)   development.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   state-dependent learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

On Tuesday morning, Patience prepared her typical breakfast of cornflakes with milk and a cup of coffee. However, instead of having guava with her breakfast, she tried eating grapefruit for the first time. Later she became extremely ill. If her illness causes her to develop a conditioned response to one of her breakfast items, the conditioned response will MOST likely be to

Accepted Answer

A)   grapefruit, because it was a novel stimulus.
B)   milk, because the milk may have been sour.
C)   guava, because that was the one thing missing from her typical breakfast.
D)   coffee, because coffee is a stimulant.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning occurs when an or...

Question 6

Errol used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Anya there. For two full weeks Anya wasn't at the club when Errol went there for his workout, and now Errol has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   punishment.
C)   avoidance.
D)   resistance.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio schedules.
B)   variable-ratio schedules.
C)   fixed-interval schedules.
D)   variable-interval schedules.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a slow, steady rate, but it does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. In this example, the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)   a variable-ratio schedule.
B)   a fixed-interval schedule.
C)   a variable-interval schedule.
D)   a fixed-ratio schedule.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

If a baseball player who has been in a batting slump for several weeks alters his batting stance and wears a new batting glove one day and gets three hits, the cognitive explanation of conditioning suggests that for the next game, the baseball player will continue to

Accepted Answer

A)   experiment with another batting stance and batting glove.
B)   use the new batting stance.
C)   use the new batting glove.
D)   use both the new batting stance and new batting glove.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalisation, and discrimination apply

Accepted Answer

A)   to both classical and operant conditioning.
B)   only to classical conditioning.
C)   only to operant conditioning.
D)   to learning by animals, but not to learning by people.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Last year Bongi went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia. Today, however, while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash. Apparently, Bongi's dog phobia

Accepted Answer

A)   showed spontaneous recovery.
B)   had not been extinguished after all.
C)   showed higher-order conditioning.
D)   showed stimulus generalisation.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   mediation.
B)   maturation.
C)   learning.
D)   conditioning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs

Accepted Answer

A)   salivating right before food was placed in their mouths.
B)   failing to salivate when food was placed in their mouths.
C)   salivating only when food was placed in their mouths.
D)   salivating right after they had swallowed food.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like. Based on principles of observational learning, in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   yell at his mother
B)   yell at his sister
C)   go and tell his father what the mother said
D)   yell at his fatherE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A salesperson earns a commission for each item of clothing she sells. Commission on the clothing sales is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   variable-interval
C)   fixed-interval
D)   variable-ratioE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   grounding a teenager for missing curfew
B)   making a child sit in the corner until they say "I'm sorry"
C)   giving a student extra credit for class participation
D)   allowing a student to take a make-up examE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Observational learning is entirely separate from both classical and operant conditioning.
B)   Observational learning is a form of classical conditioning.
C)   Observational learning is a form of operant conditioning.
D)   Both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Stimulus generalisation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)   there is a temporal association between two stimuli.
B)   an organism fails to respond to stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus used in conditioning.
C)   an unconditioned stimulus fails to elicit the unconditioned response.
D)   an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   unconditioned reinforcer.
D)   conditioned reinforcer.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like. Based on principles of observational learning, in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs

Correct Answer
verified

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) ____________________.

Correct Answer
verified
conditione...
View Answer

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience is defined as

Correct Answer
verified

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

A salesperson earns a commission for each item of clothing she sells. Commission on the clothing sales is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Correct Answer
verified

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a slow, steady rate, but it does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. In this example, the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Correct Answer
verified

If a baseball player who has been in a batting slump for several weeks alters his batting stance and wears a new batting glove one day and gets three hits, the cognitive explanation of conditioning suggests that for the next game, the baseball player will continue to

Correct Answer
verified

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on

Correct Answer
verified

Stimulus generalisation occurs when

Correct Answer
verified

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalisation, and discrimination apply

Correct Answer
verified

Last year Bongi went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia. Today, however, while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash. Apparently, Bongi's dog phobia

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

Correct Answer
verified

Errol used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Anya there. For two full weeks Anya wasn't at the club when Errol went there for his workout, and now Errol has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified
Observational learning occurs when an or...
View Answer

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) ____________________.

Correct Answerverifiedconditione...View AnswerShow Answer

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A salesperson earns a commission for each item of clothing she sells. Commission on the clothing sales is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a slow, steady rate, but it does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. In this example, the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a baseball player who has been in a batting slump for several weeks alters his batting stance and wears a new batting glove one day and gets three hits, the cognitive explanation of conditioning suggests that for the next game, the baseball player will continue to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimulus generalisation occurs when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalisation, and discrimination apply

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Last year Bongi went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia. Today, however, while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash. Apparently, Bongi's dog phobia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Errol used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Anya there. For two full weeks Anya wasn't at the club when Errol went there for his workout, and now Errol has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedObservational learning occurs when an or...View AnswerShow Answer

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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conditione...
View Answer

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Observational learning occurs when an or...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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