Question 1

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob) , even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her major histocompatibility (MH
C)   proteins may not be a match
B)   a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change
C)   for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles
D)   Jane's MHC class II genes are not expressed in bone marrowE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   a condition in which B and T cells trigger anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen
B)   a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen
C)   a condition in which self molecules are treated as nonself (loss of self-tolerance) 
D)   a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by a specific antigenE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct?
I B cell receptors bind to epitopes.
II T cell receptors bind to epitopes.
III There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen.
IV There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

Accepted Answer

A)   only I and III
B)   only II and IV
C)   only I, II, and III
D)   only II, III, and IVE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   An antigen fragment is presented within class I MHC to the T cell receptor.
B)   Interferon proteins stick to the surface of infected cells.
C)   T cells recognize antibodies that have bound to viral particles.
D)   The virus is engulfed by T cells using Toll-like receptors.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

The complement system is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity
B)   a group of proteins that includes interferons and interleukins
C)   a group of proteins that act together in a cascade fashion
D)   a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbesE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   complement protein
B)   macrophages
C)   plasma cells
D)   major histocompatibility complex proteinsE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   B cell contact antigen → helper T cell is activated → clonal selection occurs
B)   body cell becomes infected with a virus → new viral proteins appear → class I MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed on cell surface
C)   complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released
D)   cytotoxic T cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysisE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Arrange in the correct sequence these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen.
I Pathogen is destroyed.
II Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
III Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.
IV Lymphocytes specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous.

v.Only memory cells remain.

Accepted Answer

A)   I → III → II → IV → V
B)   II → I → IV → III → V
C)   IV → II → III → I → V
D)   III → IV → II → I → VE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Accepted Answer

A)   duplication of specific gene sequences for the appropriate antibody
B)   increased rough endoplasmic reticulum for greater antibody production
C)   duplication of lysosomes in order to store the antibodies before transport
D)   increased antigen presentation on the surface of the plasma cellsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   injection of vaccine
B)   ingestion of interferon
C)   placental transfer of antibodies
D)   absorption of pathogens through mucous membranesE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)   the set of antibodies produced
B)   the set of major histocompatibility (MH
C)   molecules produced
C)   the set of T cell antigen receptors produced
D)   the susceptibility to a particular virusE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Vaccination increases the number of

Accepted Answer

A)   different receptors that recognize a pathogen.
B)   lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen.
C)   epitopes that the immune system can recognize.
D)   MHC molecules that can present an antigen.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Inflammatory responses typically include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area
B)   reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma
C)   release of substances to decrease the blood supply to an inflamed area
D)   inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrowE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the rearrangement of V region genes in that clone of responsive B cells
B)   a switch in the kind of antigen-presenting cell that is involved in the immune response
C)   a patient's reaction to the first kind of antibody made by the plasma cells
D)   the rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain C region DNAE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

CD4 and CD8 are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells
B)   receptors present on the surface of natural killer cells
C)   molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatibility (MH
C)   molecules
D)   molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells where they enhance B cell activityE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years
B)   herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital)  whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host
C)   Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS but rarely in those not infected by HIV
D)   the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their livesE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)   the set of antibodies produced
B)   the set of MHC molecules produced
C)   the set of T cell antigen receptors produced
D)   the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactiveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The number of major histocompatibility (MHC) protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the MHC proteins are made from several different gene regions that are capable of rearranging in a number of ways
B)   MHC proteins from one individual can only be of class I or class II
C)   each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only inherits two for each gene
D)   once a B cell has matured in the bone marrow, it is limited to two MHC response categoriesE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   one C region and one V region
B)   one H region and one L region
C)   three H regions and one L region
D)   two C regions and two V regionsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals
B)   activation of natural killer cells
C)   phagocytosis by hemocytes
D)   production of antimicrobial peptidesE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 43: The Immune System

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Correct Answer
verified

The complement system is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Correct Answer
verified

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob) , even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Inflammatory responses typically include ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Correct Answer
verified

CD4 and CD8 are ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Correct Answer
verified

Vaccination increases the number of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Correct Answer
verified

The number of major histocompatibility (MHC) protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Correct Answer
verified

The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct? I B cell receptors bind to epitopes. II T cell receptors bind to epitopes. III There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen. IV There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

Correct Answer
verified

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 43: The Immune System

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The complement system is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob) , even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inflammatory responses typically include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

CD4 and CD8 are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vaccination increases the number of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of major histocompatibility (MHC) protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct? I B cell receptors bind to epitopes. II T cell receptors bind to epitopes. III There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen. IV There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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